Thursday, April 14, 2016

Class Notes April 14

Moravians
-         -  Jan Hus
-          - Moravian community in NC in Winston Salem
-          - Known for their simplicity…like the cookies we ate today!
-          - Known for their “Love Feast” that includes the agape meal around Christmas time

Imaging Christ
-          Image of Jesus imagined by scientists, Popular Mechanic
o   Raises a lot of questions and reactions – Angry? Confused? Should I look like that?
o   In so many contexts Jesus is presented as white, flowy and light hair . . . this conflicts with that typical image
-         -  One of the earliest images of Christ depicts Jesus as light, young, with a “short and sassy” haircut, no beard (tells us he’s young), wearing a Roman toga . . . the story of the women at the well

-          - Another similar image depicts Jesus in the same way…raising Lazarus from the dead…Jesus uses a stick which makes a connection to Moses…Lazarus is not as big as Jesus because size shows importance

-          - Another image of Jesus from the same time period shows him with a halo, an alpha and omega near him “beginning” and “end,” long flowy hair and beard
-          - Why different???
o   Artists’ perspectives
o   Message image contains

Myths about the imaging of Christ in America
   1. People simply imagine Christ in their own image

 More images
-          Painting by William Blake in 19th century
o   God with beasts bowing down before him, radiating light, long beard (wisdom?) and age, center of the image sitting on a throne
o   Painting from his collection of painting from the Book of Revelation
o   Images God in a traditional way – male, white, bearded
-          Image from a manuscript from Ethiopia
o   Depicting the same scene
o   Also very traditional
o   Reflects Ethiopian context
-          Image by M. West
o   Drawing of a marriage scene
o   Depicts herself in all of her images, often marring Christ
o   Had a vision in which she was engaged to Christ who is wearing pants and bow tie
o   Chapter 19 of Revelation is written
o   Giving flowers to God who is seated in the sky


MORE MYTHS:
2. People in the Americas simply replicated European art and iconography
 -  not necessarily true
      says these people were not creative nor imaginative
3. Liberation ways of thinking about and imagining Christ only began in the 1960s
-          before then people were imaging Christ in this way
-          since the beginning of Christianity and America (North America – US)  
4. The US was always and is a Christian/Jesus-centered nation 

WHAT ARE THE IMAGES AND COLORS OF CHRIST IN 18TH CENTURY AMERICA?

Imaging Christ in the 17th century Americas: Two Impulses

French and Spanish Jesuits and Franciscans: Jesus came to be imaged as warrior, chief, Master of the Hunt

English Puritans: Jesus as fire and blinding light. They are iconoclasts (anti-image). See the difference between material and non-material culture. Don’t want material images of Christ.

Imaging Christ in the 18th century
First Great Awakening 1730s-40s
o   revival movement, outpouring of the Holy Spirit
o   Johnathan Edwards - "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"

Second Great Awakening, late 18th – mid 19th century
o   Religious enthusiasm, rejection of Deism, appeals to the supernatural
o   “Burned Over District” of NY
o   Influence over women, African-Americans, slaves

Indian Great Awakening
   - Moravians are a group of Protestants who convert Indians
   - Samuel Occom – indigenous American, missionizes and converts, becomes writer, a pastor and theologian and a fundraiser for Dartmouth in CT that is supposed to be a school for Indians however it didn’t turn out that way – he was let down L


18th Century American Hymns 

lots of metaphors
themes? Images? Show Christ as: 
 - king / royalty 
- life-giver
- controller of life and death 
- healer 
- redeemer / purchaser 
- sacrifice 
- high up 
- dove 
- liberator 
- host 

MORE: 

Color associated with Christ is red... why? BLOOD.  

Side wound images from Moravians  - symbolize new life 

Penitents image of "crucifying" one of their own 




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